Blood vessel development is a regulated process involving the proliferation, migration, and remodeling of endothelial cells (ECs) from adjacent pre-existing blood vessels (angiogenesis) or following differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) .EPCs were originally thought to be present only during embryonic development. However evidence accumulated in the past several years suggests that they can persist into adult life. This has generated interest in the use of EPCs for neovascularization of ischemic or injured tissue.
EPCs from bone marrow (BM) or Peripheral bloods (PB) have been hampered by the absence of markers to phenotypically distinguish these cells from mature vascular wall-derived ECs and from subsets of hematopoietic cells. Many of the markers associated with EPCs, including LDL uptake, lectin binding, and CD31/105/144 expression.Although the precise pathway for an immature EPC to differentiate to a mature EC is undefined, the loss of CD133 expression is currently thought to represent a good marker to distinguish between an endothelial progenitor and a mature endothelial cell. Some of the cells that express the antigens CD133, VEGFR2 and/or CD34 can differentiate into cells of the endothelial lineage in vitro, and can contribute to neovascularization in animal model of ischemia so they are thought to play a very important role in tissue regeneration process.
EPCs from bone marrow (BM) or Peripheral bloods (PB) have been hampered by the absence of markers to phenotypically distinguish these cells from mature vascular wall-derived ECs and from subsets of hematopoietic cells. Many of the markers associated with EPCs, including LDL uptake, lectin binding, and CD31/105/144 expression.Although the precise pathway for an immature EPC to differentiate to a mature EC is undefined, the loss of CD133 expression is currently thought to represent a good marker to distinguish between an endothelial progenitor and a mature endothelial cell. Some of the cells that express the antigens CD133, VEGFR2 and/or CD34 can differentiate into cells of the endothelial lineage in vitro, and can contribute to neovascularization in animal model of ischemia so they are thought to play a very important role in tissue regeneration process.
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